Definition and Usage

The in_array() function checks if a specific value exists in an array.

If the specified value is found, the function returns true. Otherwise, it returns false.

This function is commonly used to verify if an input value is contained in a particular array, which helps with validation.

Basic Example

PHP 
$fruits = ['Apple', 'Orange', 'Banana', 'Grapes'];

if (in_array('Banana', $fruits)) {
    echo 'Banana was found in the array!';
} else {
    echo 'Banana was not found in the array.';
}

// Output: 'Banana was found in the array!'

In the example above, the in_array() function searches the $fruits array for the value "Banana". Since it exists in the array, the function returns true, and the message "Banana was found in the array!" is displayed.

Note:
If you need to check whether a specific key or index exists in an array, use the array_key_exists() function instead.

Syntax

PHP 
in_array(mixed $needle, array $haystack[, bool $strict = false]): bool

Parameters

Description of the in_array() function parameters
$needle Required. The value to search for within the array.
$haystack Required. The array in which the search is performed.
$strict Optional. If set to true, the search uses strict type comparison, meaning the type of $needle must exactly match the type of the values in the array. If set to false (default), only the value is compared.
When $strict is set:
  • to false, the number 2 and the string '2' are considered equal.
  • to true, the number 2 and the string '2' are considered different.

Return Values

Returns true if the searched value exists in the array; otherwise, returns false.

Practical Examples

The in_array() function is highly useful in PHP and can be applied in various real-world situations. Below are some practical examples.

Checking Multiple Values Using a Loop

Since in_array() checks for a single value at a time, you can combine it with a foreach loop to check for multiple values within an array.

PHP 
$fruits = ['apple', 'orange', 'banana', 'grape'];
$search_values = ['banana', 'grape', 'watermelon']; // List of values to search for

foreach ($search_values as $value) {
    if (in_array($value, $fruits)) {
        echo "Found '{$value}' in the array!" . '<br>';
    } else {
        echo "Did not find '{$value}' in the array." . '<br>';
    }
}

Code Explanation
The foreach loop is commonly used to iterate over arrays or objects.

Output:

Checking for Value Existence

You can use in_array() to check if a specific value exists in an array. For example, the code below checks whether a user's selected language is supported:

PHP 
$supported_languages = ['en', 'es', 'fr', 'de'];

$user_language = 'fr';

if (in_array($user_language, $supported_languages)) {
    echo "The selected language '{$user_language}' is supported!";
} else {
    echo "The selected language '{$user_language}' is not supported. Using default language.";
}
Output:

Removing Duplicate Values

You can use in_array() with a foreach loop to filter out duplicate values from an array. This is useful when you want to clean up data or ensure uniqueness in user input.

PHP 
$numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5];
$unique_numbers = [];

foreach ($numbers as $number) {
    if (!in_array($number, $unique_numbers)) {
        $unique_numbers[] = $number;
    }
}

print_r($unique_numbers);
Output:

In the example above, we removed duplicate values from the $numbers array and stored only unique ones in the $unique_numbers array. This was done using a foreach loop with in_array(), which checks if a value already exists in the new array before adding it. As a result, $unique_numbers contains only distinct values.

This method is commonly used in everyday programming tasks, such as data cleaning and removing redundant entries.

Validating Input Against Allowed Values

in_array() is commonly used to validate whether an input value belongs to a predefined set of allowed values.

PHP 
$valid_colors = ['red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow'];
$user_color = 'orange';

if (in_array($user_color, $valid_colors)) {
    echo 'The selected color is valid!';
} else {
    echo 'The selected color is not allowed.';
}
Output:

Conditional Behavior Based on Value Existence

in_array() is also helpful when you want to perform different actions based on whether a value exists in an array.

PHP 
$fruits = ['apple', 'orange', 'banana', 'grape'];

if (in_array('orange', $fruits)) {
    echo 'Orange found! Make some orange juice!';
} else {
    echo 'No orange found. Time to buy some!';
}
Output:

As you can see, in_array() is a simple yet powerful tool for checking value existence, making it ideal for data validation and conditional logic in everyday programming.

References

See also